Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: Photodynamic therapy at ultra-low NIR laser power and X-Ray imaging using Cu 3 BiS 3 nanocrystals

doi: 10.7150/thno.25286

Figure Lengend Snippet: NIR-induced ROS generation. (A) Mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation from Cu 3 BiS 3 NCs upon NIR laser irradiation. (B) Photoluminescence spectra of DCF, a ROS tracer, in aqueous suspension of NCs that were either exposed/unexposed to 808 nm NIR laser irradiation. The emission peak centered at 520 nm confirms the production of singlet oxygen upon irradiating the NCs with NIR laser.

Article Snippet: For PDT experiments, a portable hand-held NIR laser (laser diode, 808 nm, 10 mW, Edmund Optics) was utilized.

Techniques: Irradiation

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: Photodynamic therapy at ultra-low NIR laser power and X-Ray imaging using Cu 3 BiS 3 nanocrystals

doi: 10.7150/thno.25286

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo PDT. (A-B) Photo-documentation of mice in the control and treatment groups. (A) Control (saline) and Cu 3 BiS 3 NCs-injected mice without any NIR exposure. The inset depicts the different NCs injection positions into the tumor. The tumor region is marked with a black circle. (B) Pre- and post-NIR laser exposure images of saline and Cu 3 BiS 3 NCs groups, respectively. The highlighted region of the Cu 3 BiS 3 NCs mouse shows the skin/tumor blackening upon laser exposure, but no signs of scar formation, therefore negating any heat-induced injury or charring. (C) Infrared thermograms of mice before and during (14 min into exposure) NIR irradiation are shown. The temperature profiles in the tumor regions denoted by the black circles are plotted in respective thermograms. There was no rise in temperature in both the saline and Cu 3 BiS 3 NCs groups (both remained similar to the initial temperature at the start of the experiment) upon NIR laser irradiation, indicating the absence of generation of any heat.

Article Snippet: For PDT experiments, a portable hand-held NIR laser (laser diode, 808 nm, 10 mW, Edmund Optics) was utilized.

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Irradiation

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: Photodynamic therapy at ultra-low NIR laser power and X-Ray imaging using Cu 3 BiS 3 nanocrystals

doi: 10.7150/thno.25286

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic outcome. (A) Body weight of mice in control and treatment groups at different time points, with clear loss of weight in all groups except Cu 3 BiS 3 +NIR. (B) Representative tumor images 15 days post 5-day treatment period, indicating significantly shrunk tumors in the NC+NIR group. (C-D) Quantitative measurement of tumor weight and volume after treatment depicting the efficiency of NC-mediated PDT to drastically restrict tumor growth by a factor of 20 from the other groups. (E) In vivo annexin accumulation in the Cu 3 BiS 3 +NIR group confirms the dead and non-proliferative nature of the tumor mass. Lack of any such annexin-positive signals in the other groups is evidence of their live and active state of proliferation. (F) Quantitative measurement of annexin intensity in tumors after treatment was correlative of the visual observations in (E) with high signal intensity in the Cu 3 BiS 3 +NIR group. (G) H&E staining of sections collected from tumors of different groups of mice 15 days post 5 days of treatment showing the presence of viable tumor cells in all groups except the Cu 3 BiS 3 +NIR group, which exhibited a destructed tumor mass with black islands of accumulated NCs. Scale bar (G) represent 100 μm. The data are represented as mean ± SD. A difference was considered statistically significant when p < 0.05, indicated by *.

Article Snippet: For PDT experiments, a portable hand-held NIR laser (laser diode, 808 nm, 10 mW, Edmund Optics) was utilized.

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Photothermal-modulated drug delivery and magnetic relaxation based on collagen/poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S133078

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustrations of the fabrication and photothermal-modulating strategy of injectable collagen/γ-PGA/Dox/ICG/MnFe 2 O 4 hydrogels. Notes: Collagen/γ-PGA hydrogels containing MnFe 2 O 4 , Dox, and ICG (collagen/γ-PGA/Dox/ICG/MnFe 2 O 4 hydrogels) were fabricated by mixing collagen solution and γ-PGA solution containing γ-PGA-coated MnFe 2 O 4 , Dox, and ICG. Collagen/γ-PGA/Dox/ICG/MnFe 2 O 4 complexes were easy to inject using a syringe and formed hydrogels after injection into the body. Following hydrogel formation, collagen/γ-PGA/Dox/ICG/MnFe 2 O 4 hydrogels were disrupted after irradiation with an NIR laser. This resulted in the release of Dox, ICG, and MnFe 2 O 4 from the hydrogels. Abbreviations: γ-PGA, poly(γ-glutamic acid); Dox, doxorubicin; ICG, indocyanine green; NIR, near-infrared; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; T, temperature.

Article Snippet: Next, an NIR laser (760 nm laser diode, Photodigm, Richardson, TX, USA) was used to illuminate the collagen/γ-PGA/ICG hydrogel (0.47 W/cm 2 , 3 min).

Techniques: Injection, Irradiation, Saline

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Photothermal-modulated drug delivery and magnetic relaxation based on collagen/poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S133078

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence recovery of ICG in collagen/γ-PGA/ICG hydrogels after irradiation with NIR laser. Notes: The inset of the left panel is a photograph of collagen/γ-PGA/ICG (collagen/γ-PGA hydrogels containing ICG) before and after irradiation with an NIR laser. Right panel is schematic illustration of mechanism of fluorescence recovery of ICG in collagen/γ-PGA/ICG hydrogels after irradiation with an NIR laser. Abbreviations: ICG, indocyanine green; γ-PGA, poly(γ-glutamic acid); NIR, near-infrared; T, temperature.

Article Snippet: Next, an NIR laser (760 nm laser diode, Photodigm, Richardson, TX, USA) was used to illuminate the collagen/γ-PGA/ICG hydrogel (0.47 W/cm 2 , 3 min).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Irradiation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Photothermal-modulated drug delivery and magnetic relaxation based on collagen/poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S133078

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo temperature change in mice injected with collagen/γ-PGA/ICG hydrogel after irradiation with an NIR laser. Notes: Temperature in mice injected with collagen/γ-PGA/ICG hydrogels before and after irradiation with an NIR laser. The concentrations of ICG in the hydrogels were 0, 10, and 100 µg/mL respectively. Abbreviations: γ-PGA, poly(γ-glutamic acid); ICG, indocyanine green; NIR, near-infrared.

Article Snippet: Next, an NIR laser (760 nm laser diode, Photodigm, Richardson, TX, USA) was used to illuminate the collagen/γ-PGA/ICG hydrogel (0.47 W/cm 2 , 3 min).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Irradiation

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Photothermal-modulated drug delivery and magnetic relaxation based on collagen/poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S133078

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo T2 brightening effect of collagen/γ-PGA/ICG/MnFe 2 O 4 hydrogels. Notes: ( A ) In vivo photothermal-modulated change of MR image for mice injected with collagen/γ-PGA/ICG/MnFe 2 O 4 hydrogels. In each image after injection of hydrogel, left circle area indicates part without NIR laser irradiation and right circle area indicates part with NIR laser irradiation. ( B ) T2 relaxation time of part injected with collagen/γ-PGA/ICG/MnFe 2 O 4 hydrogels with or without irradiation of NIR laser. Abbreviations: γ-PGA, poly(γ-glutamic acid); ICG, indocyanine green; MR, magnetic resonance; NIR, near-infrared; TE, echo time.

Article Snippet: Next, an NIR laser (760 nm laser diode, Photodigm, Richardson, TX, USA) was used to illuminate the collagen/γ-PGA/ICG hydrogel (0.47 W/cm 2 , 3 min).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Irradiation